China’s decision to stop accepting plastic waste from other countries is causing plastic to stockpile around the globe, and wealthy countries must find a way to slow the accumulation of one of the most ubiquitous materials on the planet, a group of scientists said on Wednesday.

The report titled: ‘The Chinese import ban and its impact on global plastic waste trade’, sought to quantify the impact of China’s policy on the worldwide trade in plastic waste, and found that an estimated of 111 million metric tons of plastic waste will be displaced by 2030.

The Chinese ban went into effect December 31, 2017, and the stockpiling trend figures to worsen, the scientists said.

Wealthy countries such as the United States, Japan and Germany have long sent their plastic recyclables to China, and the country does not want to be the world’s dumping ground for plastic anymore.

The study found China has taken more than 105 million metric tons of the material since 1992, the equivalent of the weight of more than 300 Empire State Buildings.

“The change is forcing countries to rethink how they deal with plastic waste. They need to be more selective about what they choose to recycle, and more fastidious about reusing plastics,” said Amy Brooks, first author on the study and a doctoral student in engineering at the University of Georgia.

In the meantime, Brooks said, more plastic waste is likely to get incinerated or sent to landfills.

New uses

The study found that China has dwarfed all other plastics importers, accounting for about 45 percent of the world’s plastic waste since 1992.

The ban is part of a larger crackdown on foreign garbage, which is viewed as a threat to health and environment.

Some countries that have seen an increase in plastic waste imports since China’s ban – such as Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia – are already looking to enforce bans of their own because they are quickly becoming overburdened, Brooks told the Associated Press.

The study illustrates that plastic, which has a wide array of uses and formulations, is more difficult to recycle than other materials, such as glass and aluminum, said Sherri Mason, who was not involved in the study and is the chair of the geology and environmental sciences department at the State University of New York at Fredonia.

Many consumers attempt to recycle plastic products that can not ultimately be recycled, Mason said. One solution could be to simplify the variety of plastics used to make products, she said.

“We have to confront this material and our use of it, because so much of it is single use disposable plastic and this is a material that doesn’t go away,” Mason said. “It doesn’t return to the planet the way other materials do.”

The plastics import ban has attracted the attention of the US recycling industry.

The National Recycling Coalition said in a statement in mid-May that it must “fundamentally shift how we speak to the public” and “how we collect and process” recyclables.

“We need to look at new uses for these materials,” said Marjorie Griek, the coalition’s executive director. “And how do you get manufacturers to design a product that is more easily recyclable.”