From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the GPT family, see Generative pre-trained transformer.
ChatGPT
ChatGPT logo.svg
Logo
ChatGPT Screenshot.png
ChatGPT on Mozilla Firefox
Developer(s) OpenAI
Initial release November 30, 2022; 3 months ago
Stable release
March 14, 2023; 12 days ago[1]
Type
Generative pre-trained transformer
Chatbot
License Proprietary
Website chat.openai.com/chat
ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer[2]) is an artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI and launched in November 2022. It is built on top of OpenAI’s GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 families of large language models (LLMs) and has been fine-tuned (an approach to transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning techniques.
ChatGPT was launched as a prototype on November 30, 2022, and quickly garnered attention for its detailed responses and articulate answers across many domains of knowledge.[3] Its uneven factual accuracy, however, has been identified as a significant drawback.[4] Following the release of ChatGPT, OpenAI’s valuation was estimated at US$29 billion in 2023.[5]
ChatGPT was originally released in November 2022 based on GPT-3.5; GPT-4, the newest OpenAI model, was released on March 14, 2023, and is available for ChatGPT Plus users.
Features and limitations
Features
Here ChatGPT is asked a common-sense question: Was Jimmy Wales killed in the Tiananmen Square protests? ChatGPT correctly answers “no”, but incorrectly gives Wales’ age at the time as 23 instead of 22.
Although the core function of a chatbot is to mimic a human conversationalist, ChatGPT is versatile. For example, it can write and debug computer programs,[17] compose music, teleplays, fairy tales, and student essays; answer test questions (sometimes, depending on the test, at a level above the average human test-taker);[18] write poetry and song lyrics;[19] emulate a Linux system; simulate an entire chat room; play games like tic-tac-toe; and simulate an ATM.[20] ChatGPT’s training data includes man pages and information about internet phenomena and programming languages, such as bulletin board systems and the Python programming language.[20]
In comparison to its predecessor, InstructGPT, ChatGPT attempts to reduce harmful and deceitful responses.[21] In one example, whereas InstructGPT accepts the premise of the prompt “Tell me about when Christopher Columbus came to the U.S. in 2015” as being truthful, ChatGPT acknowledges the counterfactual nature of the question and frames its answer as a hypothetical consideration of what might happen if Columbus came to the U.S. in 2015, using information about the voyages of Christopher Columbus and facts about the modern world – including modern perceptions of Columbus’ actions.[8]
Unlike most chatbots, ChatGPT remembers previous prompts given to it in the same conversation; journalists have suggested that this will allow ChatGPT to be used as a personalized therapist.[2] To prevent offensive outputs from being presented to and produced from ChatGPT, queries are filtered through OpenAI’s company-wide moderation API,[22][23] and potentially racist or sexist prompts are dismissed.[8][2]
In March 2023, OpenAI announced adding support for plugins for ChatGPT.[24] This includes both plugins made by OpenAI, such as web browsing and code interpretation, as well as external plugins from developers such as Expedia, OpenTable, Zapier, Shopify, Slack, and Wolfram.[25][26]
Premium service
OpenAI launched a paid version of ChatGPT, “ChatGPT Plus”, in February 2023 for $20 per month. They promised that the updated, but still “experimental” version of ChatGPT would provide access during peak periods, no downtime, priority access to new features, faster response speeds and no restrictions.[45]
GPT-4, which was released on March 14, 2023, is available via API and for premium ChatGPT users.[46] However, premium users are limited to a cap of 100 messages every four hours.[47] Microsoft has also confirmed that versions of Bing using GPT had in fact been using GPT-4 before its official release.[48]
Software developer support
As an addition to its consumer-friendly “ChatGPT Professional” package, OpenAI has made its ChatGPT and Whisper model APIs available from March 2023, providing developers with an application programming interface for AI-enabled language and speech-to-text features. ChatGPT’s new API uses the same GPT-3.5-turbo AI model as the popular chatbot. This allows developers to add either an unmodified or modified version of ChatGPT to their applications.[49] The ChatGPT API costs $0.002 per 1000 tokens (that’s about 750 words), making it ten times cheaper than the GPT-3.5 models.[50][51]
A few days before the launch of OpenAI’s software developer support service, on 27 February 2023, Snapchat launched a custom chatbot called “My AI”, a mobile version of ChatGPT available to premium users.[52]
Also back in February 2023, Microsoft showed how ChatGPT can be used in robotics, “and controlled multiple platforms such as robot arms, drones, and home assistant robots intuitively with language”.[53
